Digital Marketing Influence Research in Consumer Behavior : A Systematic Literature Review Using TCCM and Future Research Agenda

Authors

  •   Sindhuja Pappu Research Scholar, GITAM School of Business, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Deemed to be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Andhra Pradesh
  •   V. V. Devi Prasad Kotni Associate Professor (Corresponding Author), GITAM School of Business, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Deemed to be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Andhra Pradesh
  •   Iragavarapu Lakshmi Prasanna Assistant Professor, Samata Degree College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
  •   S. V. S. S. P. Jaya Sankar Krishna Research Scholar, GITAM School of Business, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Deemed to be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Andhra Pradesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2025/v55/i6/175108

Keywords:

consumer behavior, SLR, TCCM, PRISMA, digital marketing
Publication Chronology :Paper Submission Date : September 5, 2024 ; Paper sent back for Revision : March 21, 2025 ; Paper Acceptance Date : May 20, 2025 ; Paper Published Online : June 15, 2025

Abstract

Purpose : The study aimed to explore how digital marketing influences consumer behavior through a systematic literature review using the theory context characteristics methods (TCCM) framework. The purpose was to identify key factors, gaps, and trends in the literature while offering suggestions for future research.

Design/Methodology/Approach : The PRISMA model was used to identify, screen, make eligible, and include suitable documents for the study. A total of 112 papers were identified for this systematic literature review, which was performed using the TCCM framework.

Findings : The most widely used theories were the technology acceptance model, attribution theory, cognitive development theory, theory of planned behavior, and theory of reasoned action. Various frequent contexts were found to be branding, e-WOM, repurchase intention, etc. The characteristics were websites, social media, search engines, digital platforms, etc. The various methods were SEM, DEMATEL, online reviews, etc.

Research Implications : The study offered a holistic overview of the literature on consumer behavior influenced by digital marketing and tracing the evolution of digital marketing research in this domain. The study was able to provide future research directions in the domain.

Practical Implications : The study highlighted how important it is for digital marketing components, more precisely, attributes, to impact consumer perceptions of products and businesses positively. To prevent impulsive purchases, practitioners should ensure that all the information they use in their marketing, advertising, and promotional strategies is provided.

Originality/Value : This is one of the foremost studies that explored theories, contexts, characteristics, and methods related to digital marketing’s influence on consumer behavior using the TCCM method, which is very useful for the digital marketing industry.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2025-06-15

How to Cite

Pappu, S., Kotni, V. V. D. P., Prasanna, I. L., & Krishna, S. V. S. S. P. J. S. (2025). Digital Marketing Influence Research in Consumer Behavior : A Systematic Literature Review Using TCCM and Future Research Agenda. Indian Journal of Marketing, 55(6), 9–28. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2025/v55/i6/175108

Issue

Section

Articles

References

Adam, M., Ibrahim, M., Ikramuddin, I., & Syahputra, H. (2020). The role of digital marketing platforms on supply chain management for customer satisfaction and loyalty in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) at Indonesia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(3), 1210–1220. https://doi.org/10.59160/ijscm.v9i3.5027

Adelia, A., Miftahurrahmah, M., Nurpathonah, N., Zaindanu, Y., & Ihsan, M. T. (2021). The role of Google Forms as an assessment tool in ELT: Critical review of the literature. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 1(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v1i1.49

Adeola, O., Moradeyo, A. A., Muogboh, O., & Adisa, I. (2024). Consumer values, online purchase behaviour and the fashion industry: An emerging market context. PSU Research Review, 8(1), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-04-2021-0019

Aditi, B. (2024). The role of content marketing and influencer marketing strategies and banking guarantees in SMEs bankruptcy addressing. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(4), 2513–252. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.5.018

Ahn, T., Ryu, S., & Han, I. (2007). The impact of Web quality and playfulness on user acceptance of online retailing. Information & Management, 44(3), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.12.008

Aji, P. M., Nadhila, V., & Sanny, L. (2020). Effect of social media marketing on Instagram towards purchase intention: Evidence from Indonesia's ready-to-drink tea industry. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 4(2), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2020.3.002

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888

Alamsyah, D. P., Ratnapuri, C. I., Aryanto, R., & Othman, N. A. (2021). Digital marketing: Implementation of digital advertising preference to support brand awareness. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 1–11. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/digital-marketing-implementation-of-digital-advertising-preference-to-support-brand-awareness.pdf

Algharabat, R. S. (2017). Linking social media marketing activities with brand love: The mediating role of self-expressive brands. Kybernetes, 46(10), 1801–1819. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-04-2017-0130

Alghizzawi, M. (2019). The role of digital marketing in consumer behavior: A survey. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 3(1), 24–31. https://journals.sfu.ca/ijitls/index.php/ijitls/article/view/67

Alnaim, A. F., & Albarq, A. N. (2023). Impact of digital marketing on consumer behavior: A quantitative analysis on fast fashion industry in the KSA. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(3), 1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.5.018

Alosaimi, S., Perry, P., Boardman, R., & Stalker, I. D. (2020). Saudi consumer perceptions of international luxury fashion brands' social media marketing activities: An abstract. In F. Pantoja, S. Wu, & N. Krey (eds.), Enlightened marketing in challenging times: Proceedings of the 2019 AMS World Marketing Congress 22 (pp. 463–464). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42545-6_151

Ao, L., Bansal, R., Pruthi, N., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2023). Impact of social media influencers on customer engagement and purchase intention: A meta-analysis. Sustainability, 15(3), 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032744

Armawan, I., Sudarmiatin, Hermawan, A., & Rahayu, W. P. (2023). The effect of social media marketing, SerQual, eWOM on purchase intention mediated by brand image and brand trust: Evidence from black sweet coffee shop. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.11.008

Arora, T., Agarwal, B., & Kumar, A. (2018). A study of millennials's preferences for social media advertising in Delhi NCR. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(10), 34–51. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i10/132334

Bakri, M., Krisjanous, J., & Richard, J. E. (2020). Decoding service brand image through user-generated images. Journal of Services Marketing, 34(4), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-11-2018-0341

Baliga, A. J., Chawla, V., Sunder, V., Ganesh, L. S., & Sivakumaran, B. (2021). Service failure and recovery in B2B markets – A morphological analysis. Journal of Business Research, 131, 763–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.025

Bandil, D., Agrawal, V., & Mohanty, R. P. (2023). Assessing the kid's behaviour with factors of social media advertising: DEMATEL application. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 20(3), 353–384. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-07-2022-0130

Bilgihan, A., Leong, A. M., Okumus, F., & Bai, J. (2024). Proposing a metaverse engagement model for brand development. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, Article ID 103781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103781

Billore, S., & Anisimova, T. (2021). Panic buying research: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 777–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12669

Bismo, A., Putra, S., & Melysa. (2019). Application of digital marketing (social media and email marketing) and its impact on customer engagement in purchase intention: A case study at PT. Soltius Indonesia. In 2019 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech) (pp. 109–114). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTech.2019.8843763

Boardman, R., & Chrimes, C. (2023). E-commerce is king: Creating effective fashion retail website designs. In E. L. Ritch, C. Canning, & J. McColl (eds.), Pioneering new perspectives in the fashion industry: Disruption, diversity and sustainable innovation (pp. 245–254). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-345-420231020

Bragg, R., & Redifer, J. L. (2022). Input modality pairings influence dual task costs, but not cognitive load. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 34(6), 726–736. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2022.2055044

Buchanan, L., Kelly, B., & Yeatman, H. (2017). Exposure to digital marketing enhances young adults' interest in energy drinks: An exploratory investigation. PloS ONE, 12(2), Article ID e0171226. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171226

Busman, S. A., & Ananda, N. A. (2022). Artificial intelligence and digital marketing role in increasing consumer purchase intention. American International Journal of Business Management, 5(1), 63–68. https://www.aijbm.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/H516368.pdf

Cantallops, A. S., & Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.007

Cetină, I., Vinerean, S., Opreana, A., Rădulescu, V., & Popa, M. (2023). Examining key drivers of social media WOM–A SEM approach. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 57(2), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/57.2.23.05

Chakraborty, U., & Bhat, S. (2018). The effects of credible online reviews on brand equity dimensions and its consequence on consumer behavior. Journal of Promotion Management, 24(1), 57–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2017.1346541

Chang, H. H., Tsai, Y.-C., Wong, K. H., Wang, J. W., & Cho, F. J. (2015). The effects of response strategies and severity of failure on consumer attribution with regard to negative word-of-mouth. Decision Support Systems, 71, 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.01.007

Cheung, C. M., Chan, G. W., & Limayem, M. (2005). A critical review of online consumer behavior: Empirical research. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 3(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2005100101

Cristobal, E., Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2007). Perceived e-service quality (PeSQ): Measurement validation and effects on consumer satisfaction and website loyalty. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 17(3), 317–340. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520710744326

da Silva Wegner, R., Godoy, L. P., Godoy, T. P., Sousa, M. J., & da Rosa, L. A. (2023). Prioritization of quality of public health services in the sector of graphic methods: University hospital. In Future health scenarios. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003227892-14

Damay, C., & Guichard, N. (2016). The role of price in the socialisation of children as consumers. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 31(1), 64–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/2051570715626368

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982

Dhiman, R., Chand, P. K., & Gupta, S. (2018). Behavioural aspects influencing decision to purchase apparels amongst young Indian consumers. FIIB Business Review, 7(3), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319714518790308

Dinh, T. C., & Lee, Y. (2024). COBRAs and virality: Viral campaign values on consumer behaviour. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), Article no. 315. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02819-7

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1998). Attitude structure and function. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindsey (eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 269–322). McGraw-Hill. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-07091-007

Erpurini, W., Putrada, A. G., Alamsyah, N., Pane, S. F., & Fauzan, M. N. (2023). Confirmatory factor analysis for the impact of students' social medial on university digital marketing. In 2023 International Conference on Computer Science, Information Technology and Engineering (ICCoSITE) (pp. 615–620). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCoSITE57641.2023.10127744

Fetscherin, M. (2003). Evaluating consumer acceptance for protected digital content. In E. Becker, D. Günnewig, W. Buhse, & N. Rump (eds.), Digital rights management: Technological, economic, legal and political aspects (Vol. 2770, pp. 301–320). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/10941270_20

Fine, M. B., Gironda, J., & Petrescu, M. (2017). Prosumer motivations for electronic word-of-mouth communication behaviors. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 8(2), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2016-0048

Fischer, J. L. (1981). Transitions in relationship style from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02088419

Freihat, S. M. (2023). Digital marketing and its role in achieving customer's happiness: Evidence Jordanian five-star hotels. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(3), 1227–1240. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.5.002

Gabriel, I. (2020). Artificial intelligence, values, and alignment. Minds & Machines, 30(3), 411–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09539-2

Gajanová, Ľ., & Michulek, J. (2023). Digital marketing in the context of consumer behaviour in the ICT industry: The case study of the Slovak Republic. Virtual Economics, 6(1), 7–18. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1161921

GhavamiLahiji, S. (2016). The effect of email marketing on buyers' behavior. International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 4(1), 77–80. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=61106fc1dcb4d28d3bdb9e82732ceeb5006abc79

Godey, B., Manthiou, A., Pederzoli, D., Rokka, J., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., & Singh, R. (2016). Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5833–5841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.181

Govindan, P., & Alotaibi, I. (2021). Impact of influencers on consumer behaviour: Empirical study. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Computation, Automation and Knowledge Management (pp. 232–237). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAKM50778.2021.9357713

Grimm, R., Fox, C., Baines, S., & Albertson, K. (2013). Social innovation, an answer to contemporary societal challenges? Locating the concept in theory and practice. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 26(4), 436–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2013.848163

Gutuleac, R., Baima, G., Rizzo, C., & Bresciani, S. (2024). Will virtual influencers overcome the uncanny valley? The moderating role of social cues. Psychology & Marketing, 41(7), 1419–1431. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21989

Habib, S., Hamadneh, N. N., & Hassan, A. (2022). The relationship between digital marketing, customer engagement, and purchase intention via OTT platforms. Journal of Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5327626

Hartemo, M. (2016). Email marketing in the era of the empowered consumer. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(3), 212–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2015-0040

Hassan, S., Garcia-Dorado, S. C., Belesova, K., Murage, P., Whitmee, S., Green, R., Haines, A., & Huxley, R. (2022). A protocol for analysing the effects on health and greenhouse gas emissions of implemented climate change mitigation actions. Wellcome Open Research, 6, Article no. 111. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16754.1

Heider, F. (2013). The psychology of interpersonal relations (1st ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203781159

Hernandez, C. C., Paios-Sánchez, P., & Rios, M. A. (2020). Website quality assessment: A case study of Chinese airlines. Indian Journal of Marketing, 50(1), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2020/v50/i1/149773

Hien, N. N., & Nhu, T. N. (2022). The effect of digital marketing transformation trends on consumers' purchase intention in B2B businesses: The moderating role of brand awareness. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), Article ID 2105285. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2105285

Hoang, L. N., & Tung, L. T. (2023). A moderated mediation model of situational context and brand image for online purchases using eWOM. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 32(4), 661–672. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-02-2022-3857

Hollebeek, L. D., Hammedi, W., & Sprott, D. E. (2023). Consumer engagement, stress, and conservation of resources theory: A review, conceptual development, and future research agenda. Psychology & Marketing, 40(5), 926–937. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21807

Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Educational Psychology Interactive. http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cognition/piaget.html

Iftikhar, F., & Khan, I. (2017). The impact of email marketing, mobile marketing and retargeting on online consumer buying behavior (Doctoral dissertation, University of Applied Sciences). Degree Programme in Tourism. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161418166.pdf

Jaccard, J., & Blanton, H. (2005). The origins and structure of behavior: Conceptualizing behavior in attitude research. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 125–171). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-04648-004

Jaccard, J. (2012). The reasoned action model: Directions for future research. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 640(1), 58–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716211426097

Kaur, T., & Zafar, S. (2014). Impact of social media on HR functions: A review. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 7(3), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2014/v7i3/59279

Khairani, A., & Fachira, I. (2021). The influence of different digital content marketing on consumer engagement in the tourism sector. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 5(3), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v5i3.38109

Khatoon, S., & Rehman, V. (2021). Negative emotions in consumer brand relationship: A review and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 719–749. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12665

Khatri, S., & Kale, S. (2022). Social listening as a marketing strategy to analyze beyond consumer buyology in the OTT industry: A research note. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 15(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2022/v15i1/167861

Kim, D., & Sugai, P. (2008). Differences in consumer loyalty and willingness to pay for service attributes across digital channels: A study of the Japanese digital content market. Telecommunications Policy, 32(7), 480–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2008.05.003

Lambrecht, A., Tucker, C., & Zhang, X. (2023). TV advertising and online sales: A case study of intertemporal substitution effects for an online travel platform. Journal of Marketing Research, 61(2), 248–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437231180171

Leong, C.-M., Loi, A. M., & Woon, S. (2022). The influence of social media eWOM information on purchase intention. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 10(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-021-00132-9

Liu, I.-F., Chen, M. C., Sun, Y. S., Wible, D., & Kuo, C.-H. (2010). Extending the TAM model to explore the factors that affect intention to use an online learning community. Computers & Education, 54(2), 600–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.09.009

Menon, P. B. (2021). Influence of social media marketing efforts on brand equity and consumer response to branded shoes in India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(9), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i9/166162

Merisavo, M., Kajalo, S., Karjaluoto, H., Virtanen, V., Salmenkivi, S., Raulas, M., & Leppäniemi, M. (2007). An empirical study of the drivers of consumer acceptance of mobile advertising. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 7(2), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2007.10722130

Mizerski, R. W., Golden, L. L., & Kernan, J. B. (1979). The attribution process in consumer decision making. Journal of Consumer Research,6(2), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1086/208756

Mohamed, N. B., Medina, I. G., & Romo, Z. G. (2018). The effect of cosmetics packaging design on consumers' purchase decisions. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(12), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i12/139556

Moon, J.-W., & Kim, Y.-G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a world-wide-web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00061-6

Mullen, B., & Johnson, C. (2013). The psychology of consumer behavior (1st ed.). Psychology Press.

Müller-Pérez, J., Acevedo-Duque, Ã., Rettig, P. V., García-Salirrosas, E. E., Fernández-Mantilla, M. M., Izquierdo-Marín, S. S., & Ãlvarez-Becerra, R. (2023). Consumer behavior after COVID-19: Interpersonal influences, eWOM and digital lifestyles in more diverse youths. Sustainability, 15(8), 6570. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086570

Mundanad, M. (2015). Book review: Social marketing in India. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 8(6), 48–50. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2015/v8i6/70733

Nugroho, S. D., Rahayu, M., & Hapsari, R. D. (2022). The impacts of social media influencer's credibility attributes on Gen Z purchase intention with brand image as mediation. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(5), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i5.1893

Nyagadza, B., Mazuruse, G., Rukasha, T., Mukarumbwa, P., Muswaka, C., & Shumbanhete, B. (2022). Rural small scale farmers' smart mobile phone usage acceptance prognosticators for agricultural marketing information access. SN Social Sciences, 2(12), Article no. 256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00562-x

Oumlil, R., & Juiz, C. (2018). Acceptance of tourism e-entrepreneurship: Application to educational Balearic Islands context. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(1), 1–16. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Acceptance-of-tourism-e-entrepreneurship-1528-2651-21-1-133.pdf

Padival, A., Michael, L. K., & Hebbar, S. (2019). Consumer perception towards social media advertisements: A study done in a Semi-Urban City of South India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i2/141582

Pandey, A., Sahu, R., & Dash, M. K. (2018). Social media marketing impact on the purchase intention of millennials. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 28(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2018.091861

Papasolomou, I., Thrassou, A., Vrontis, D., & Sabova, M. (2014). Marketing public relations: A consumer-focused strategic perspective. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 13(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539214x14024779343631

Paul, J., & Feliciano-Cestero, M. M. (2021). Five decades of research on foreign direct investment by MNEs: An overview and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 124, 800–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.017

Paul, J., & Rosado-Serrano, A. (2019). Gradual internationalization vs born-global/international new venture models: A review and research agenda. International Marketing Review, 36(6), 830–858. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-10-2018-0280

Pelet, J.-E., & Papadopoulou, P. (2015). Social media and m-commerce. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 9(1), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2015.068358

Piaget, J. (2000). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. In U. Goswami (Ed.), Childhood cognitive development: The essential readings (pp. 33–47). Blackwell Publishing.

Pillai, R., Holla, N., & Srinivas, D. (2021). A study on digital marketing and its impact on consumer behavior. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(9), 78–85. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/9289/8584

Premkumar, G., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2008). Explaining information technology usage: A test of competing models. Omega, 36(1), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2005.12.002

Rajagopal, & Rajagopal, A. (2023). 'Seeing is experiencing': Impact of showcasing fashion merchandise on digital platforms. Qualitative Market Research, 26(3), 214–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-05-2022-0080

Rajan, C. R., Swaminathan, T. N., & Pavithra, M. R. (2017). Key drivers of purchase intent by Indian consumers in omni-channel shopping. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(5), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i5/114233

Rehman, F. U., & Zeb, A. (2023). Translating the impacts of social advertising on Muslim consumers buying behavior: The moderating role of brand image. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(9), 2207–2234. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2021-0231

Rekha, & Mishra, A. (2017). Identifying the Indian car buyer segments using digital channels of communication: An application of cluster analysis. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(9), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i9/118091

Reyes-Menendez, A., Correia, M. B., Matos, N., & Adap, C. (2020). Understanding online consumer behavior and eWOM strategies for sustainable business management in the tourism industry. Sustainability, 12(21), 8972. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218972

Rogova, N., & Matta, S. (2023). The role of identity in digital consumer behavior: A conceptual model and research propositions based on gender. AMS Review, 13(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-022-00237-z

Sahu, A. K., Padhy, R. K., & Dhir, A. (2020). Envisioning the future of behavioral decision-making: A systematic literature review of behavioral reasoning theory. Australasian Marketing Journal, 28(4), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.05.001

Sakas, D. P., Reklitis, D. P., Giannakopoulos, N. T., & Trivellas, P. (2023). The influence of websites user engagement on the development of digital competitive advantage and digital brand name in logistics startups. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 29(2), Article ID 100221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2023.100221

Salem, M., Baidoun, S., Abu Sharekh, N., Sammour, N., Alnajar, G., Alasttal, F., Alghusain, I., & Saqer, H. (2023). Factors affecting Arab consumers' attitudes toward online shopping in light of COVID-19: The moderating role of digital marketing. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 36(2), 480–504. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-04-2021-0175

Santanagopalan, S., & Krishnaraj, R. (2023). Impact of information parameters of online auto dealership website towards consumer purchase intention. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(2), Article ID e01073. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i2.1073

Sharma, P., Gupta, S., & Kapoor, D. (2020). Digital marketing and consumer millennials: A comparative study of men, women, and transgender consumers' buying behaviour in Punjab. Indian Journal of Marketing, 50(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2020/v50/i3/151029

Shrestha, S., Palaian, S., Shrestha, B., Santosh, K. C., & Khanal, S. (2019). The potential role of social media in pharmacovigilance in Nepal: Glimpse from a resource-limited setting. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 13(3), FE04–FE07. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2019/39979.12693

Singh, N., & Yadav, P. (2018). Social media influences holiday travel decisions: A rationale for profound analysis. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 11(2), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2018/v11i2/121395

Souki, G. Q., & Filho, C. G. (2008). Perceived quality, satisfaction and customer loyalty: An empirical study in the mobile phones sector in Brazil. International Journal of Internet and Enterprise Management, 5(4), 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijiem.2008.020103

Sritanakorn, M., & Nuangjamnong, C. (2021). The factors affecting consumer traits, online marketing tools in impulsive buying behavior of online fashion stores, Bangkok, Thailand. AU-GSB e-Journal, 14(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.14456/augsbejr.2021.1

Sujata, J., Noopur, S., Neethi, N., Jubin, P., & Udit, P. (2016). On-page search engine optimization: Study of factors affecting online purchase decisions of consumers. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(15), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i15/92150

Sun, H. (2009). Understanding herd behavior in technology adoption and continued use: A longitudinal perspective. DIGIT 2009 Proceedings, 11. http://aisel.aisnet.org/digit2009/11

Tanwar, A. S., Chaudhry, H., & Srivastava, M. K. (2021). Influencer marketing as a tool of digital consumer engagement: A systematic literature review. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(10), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i10/166439

Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Decomposition and crossover effects in the theory of planned behavior: A study of consumer adoption intentions. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(94)00019-K

Teo, T., Doleck, T., Bazelais, P., & Lemay, D. J. (2019). Exploring the drivers of technology acceptance: A study of Nepali school students. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67, 495–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09654-7

Ullrich, S., & Brunner, C. B. (2015). Negative online consumer reviews: Effects of different responses. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(1), 66–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-05-2014-0611

Valenzuela-Gálvez, E. S., Garrido-Morgado, Ã., & González-Benito, Ó. (2023). Boost your email marketing campaign! Emojis as visual stimuli to influence customer engagement. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 17(3), 337–352. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-02-2021-0033

Valenzuela-Gálvez, E. S., González-Benito, Ó., & Garrido-Morgado, Ã. (2024). Sound in mode on: How sound stimuli influence customer engagement? Electronic Commerce Research, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-024-09902-w

Wolf, M., & Wheelock, C. (2007). Digital content unleashed. Journal of Digital Asset Management, 3, 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.dam.3650093

Wu, X., Xiong, J., Yan, J., & Wang, Y. (2021). Perceived quality of traceability information and its effect on purchase intention towards organic food. Journal of Marketing Management, 37(13–14), 1267–1286. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2021.1910328

Yadav, M. (2017). Social media as a marketing tool: Opportunities and challenges. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(3), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i3/111420